Singapore's imported polio case and how to protect yourself

[SINGAPORE] In recent weeks, Singapore has been alerted to an imported case of polio, a virus that once caused widespread fear due to its potential to lead to lifelong disabilities. This rare case has raised concerns about the possible resurgence of polio, especially as global health agencies have been working tirelessly to eradicate it. In this article, we will explore what polio is, its symptoms, how it spreads, and most importantly, how you can protect yourself and your family against it.

Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a viral infection that primarily affects the nervous system, potentially leading to paralysis. The virus is highly contagious and spreads through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected person’s bodily fluids. While the global incidence of polio has decreased significantly thanks to vaccination efforts, it remains endemic in some parts of the world, and imported cases can still occur.

The polio virus spreads through the fecal-oral route, which means it can be transmitted through consumption of food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. It can also spread through droplets from coughing or sneezing. Poor sanitation, lack of clean drinking water, and inadequate vaccination coverage are significant factors contributing to the spread of polio in certain regions.

Symptoms of Polio

Polio’s symptoms can vary, and some infected individuals may not show any signs at all. However, common symptoms include:

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Vomiting
• Stiffness in the neck and back
• Pain in the limbs

In severe cases, the virus attacks the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to paralysis, often in the legs. Although most people recover from polio, those who experience paralysis may face permanent physical disabilities.

Singapore's Imported Polio Case

Singapore’s recent case of imported polio highlights the importance of continued vigilance. According to a statement by the Ministry of Health (MOH), the individual affected by polio had traveled to a country where the disease is still prevalent. The authorities in Singapore acted swiftly to isolate the case, trace any possible contacts, and ensure that the individual received the appropriate medical care.

This incident has drawn attention to the global efforts to eradicate polio and the role that international travel plays in the transmission of infectious diseases. As of now, Singapore remains polio-free, but the possibility of imported cases underscores the need for robust vaccination programs and quick response strategies.

How to Protect Yourself from Polio

The good news is that polio is preventable through vaccination. The polio vaccine is highly effective, providing immunity to the virus and preventing the devastating effects of the disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that all children receive the polio vaccine as part of their routine immunization schedule. In Singapore, the polio vaccine is included in the National Childhood Immunization Schedule, ensuring that children are protected from this dangerous disease from a young age.

In addition to vaccination, practicing good hygiene and sanitation can also help reduce the risk of polio transmission. Here are some key measures to protect yourself and others:

1. Vaccination: Ensure that you and your children are vaccinated against polio. The vaccine is safe and effective and is typically administered as part of routine childhood immunizations. Adults who are traveling to areas where polio is still a risk should consult their healthcare providers about receiving a booster dose.
2. Hygiene Practices: Wash your hands frequently, especially after using the toilet or handling food. Avoid consuming food or water that may be contaminated, particularly when traveling in regions with poor sanitation.
3. Monitoring Travel Advisories: Before traveling to countries where polio is still a risk, check the latest health advisories from the Ministry of Health or the World Health Organization. You may need additional vaccinations or precautions depending on your destination.
4. Public Health Initiatives: Stay informed about the polio situation in your community. Singapore has a robust health surveillance system in place, and local health authorities are quick to respond to any cases of imported diseases. It’s important to report any suspected symptoms of polio to a healthcare provider promptly.

Polio Vaccination in Singapore: Key Facts

• What is the vaccine? The polio vaccine used in Singapore is an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which is administered through an injection. The vaccine is safe and has been proven to be effective in preventing polio infections.
• When is it given? The vaccine is part of the national immunization program and is typically administered to children at 3, 5, and 18 months of age. A booster dose is usually given when the child reaches 6 years old.
• Is the vaccine safe? Yes, the polio vaccine is safe. It has undergone rigorous testing and has been shown to be highly effective in preventing polio-related paralysis.

Global Efforts to Eradicate Polio

The world has made incredible strides in the fight against polio. Thanks to a global vaccination effort led by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), the number of polio cases worldwide has dropped by over 99% since the 1980s. In 2020, only two countries—Afghanistan and Pakistan—reported cases of wild polio.

While the eradication of polio is within reach, the risk of polio re-emerging due to gaps in vaccination coverage remains a concern. The recent imported case in Singapore is a reminder that polio can still spread across borders, and the world must remain vigilant to prevent its resurgence.

What Should You Do If You Are Concerned About Polio?

If you are concerned about polio, especially if you or your children have not been vaccinated, the first step is to consult your healthcare provider. They can provide advice on vaccination and address any specific concerns you may have. It’s also important to stay informed about the latest health updates and travel advisories related to polio.

Polio remains a serious threat, but with vaccination, good hygiene, and global efforts to eradicate the disease, it is possible to protect yourself and your community. Singapore's recent imported case of polio serves as a timely reminder that no country is completely immune to the risk of imported diseases. By staying vigilant and taking proactive measures, we can ensure that polio remains a disease of the past.

Remember, vaccinate yourself and your children, practice good hygiene, and stay informed about health advisories, especially if you're traveling. Polio may still pose a risk in some parts of the world, but with the right precautions, we can continue to protect our health and move closer to a polio-free world.