Living near an airport can be convenient for frequent travelers, but it comes with hidden dangers that many are unaware of. Tiny particles emitted by planes, known as ultrafine particles (UFPs), are putting millions of people at risk of serious health conditions. These particles are so small that they can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, causing a range of health problems from respiratory diseases to cardiovascular issues and even cancer.
Ultrafine particles are less than 100 nanometers in size and are a byproduct of jet fuel combustion. According to a study by Transport & Environment, these particles can lead to severe health conditions, including high blood pressure, diabetes, and dementia. The study found that around 52 million Europeans are at risk due to exposure to these particles. "Most people have no choice over where airports are sited or how big they are, and often this pollution is being created by planes carrying passengers from all around the world," the study notes.
Health Impacts
The health impacts of UFPs are alarming. Research has shown that exposure to these particles can lead to increased hospitalization for asthma, respiratory, and heart conditions, especially in vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly. A review of health effects associated with jet engine emissions highlighted that airport personnel and residents living near airports are at a higher risk of developing respiratory complaints and other health issues.
Carlos Lopez de la Osa, aviation technical manager at Transport & Environment, emphasizes the urgency of addressing this issue: "It’s not often that an alarming problem affecting millions of people can be reduced, and at a low cost. Dirty fumes caused by planes can be drastically reduced if we clean up the fuel. The sector prides itself with cutting-edge technology and so-called efficient planes, yet continues to use fuels which have a devastating impact on the health of millions of Europeans. It's time for the EU to set jet fuel quality standards for the sake of the climate and people's health".
Environmental Impact
In addition to health risks, UFPs contribute significantly to environmental pollution. Airports are major sources of emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), which exacerbate global warming and climate change. These emissions also lead to the formation of contrails, which have a warming effect on the planet.
Solutions and Mitigation
Addressing the issue of UFPs requires a multi-faceted approach. One effective solution is the use of better quality jet fuel, which can reduce UFP emissions by up to 70%. Hydrotreatment, a process used to clean fuel, can significantly lower the amount of harmful particles emitted. Additionally, adopting sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) and developing zero-emission aircraft can further reduce the environmental and health impacts of aviation.
Reducing air traffic and controlling the growth of the aviation industry are also crucial steps. Implementing stricter air quality monitoring systems around airports can help identify and mitigate the sources of pollution. Public awareness and policy changes are essential to drive these initiatives forward.
